Cousins and Strangers: A Harmonious Meeting

Moya’s Cousins and Strangers is a monograph which encapsulates disparate aspects of a particular cultural phenomenon—the position of Spanish immigrants in Argentina. The author uses writings from primary sources such as letters to form the basis of his understanding of this phenomenon, taking an approach to history that seems to present ‘certified’ knowledge in terms of authenticity and verified details.The book covers the historical period from 1850 to 1930, when, in an unprecedented exodus, millions of people migrated from the vastly-overpopulated Europe to Latin America. This paper focuses on a comparative review of Moya’s macro-structural and microsocial approaches, found in chapter one and three respectively.The first chapter is an apt illustration of Moya’s style. He examines emigration from Spain in a macro-structural light, examining the reasons for the movement of millions from one continent to another. In terms of the methodology he has utilized, Moya observes that he does not validate the qualitative method, since he has found that the quantitative one is more likely to present accurate results, and is less vulnerable to the risk of manipulation:[T]his gross discrepancy between my findings and the qualitative evidence once again confirms the potential for deception inherent in qualitative sources and the peril of relying solely on this type of material. It validates the need for quantitative methods in social history. (p. 233)Although Moya’s own book is based on qualitative research through the examination of census records, newspapers, magazines, and personal narratives, therefore, he still recommends that qualitative research cannot be the sole measure of a phenomenon or its attributes. As Moya observes, no study which aims at â€Å"the uncovering of past social realities† (p. 233) can afford to engage merely in the gathering of data through qualitative means.According to him, if the researcher does not discover and implement quantitative means of gathering data, he or she is merely participating in a kind of â€Å"literary criticism—the analysis of texts† (p. 233). This is not to deride literary criticism, but to illustrate a primary difference between literary and historical writing—the demands of the latter imply that the writer or researcher engage in methods of exploration that are focused on ‘real,’ empirical contexts, and not just on opinions on existing documentation, which would be akin to a literary analysis rather than an exposition of freshly discovered facts.Moya begins the first chapter by addressing his central research question directly to the readers: â€Å"Why did [the] Mataronese and 2 million other Spaniards migrate to Argentina between the midnineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth?† (p. 13) He goes on to outline the primary reasons, and quotes data from sources which have previously been negl ected as being of much value, such as an incidental remark made by Argentinean Vice-Consul Carrau, who described the â€Å"push-pull scheme† as the primary reason for the migration (p. 13).According to this method, which Moya describes as â€Å"a useful heuristic device† (p. 13), migration takes place because â€Å"push† factors drive people out of a particular location, while â€Å"pull† factors entice them into venturing into a geographical area which may fulfill the migrating people’s requirements. As Carrau observed, â€Å"the strikes and labor unrest that have driven 5,000 workers into public charity push hundreds across the ocean, attracted by the flourishing economy of the River Plate† (p. 13).However, Moya is a discerning researcher and does not accept easy answers. He points out that there is â€Å"one basic flaw† in the identification of such a reason for emigration:We could find a myriad of places in which labor unrest, fam ine, wars, starvation, and a whole array of â€Å"push† factors never led to emigration and in which fertile, empty lands, flourishing economies, high wages, and other â€Å"pull† factors never enticed immigration. In other words, push and pull conditions have concurred in countless areas and countries of the world from time immemorial to the present, yet mass transoceanic migration occurred only during a particular historical epoch: from the midnineteenth century to the Great Depression of 1930. (p. 13)It is clear from the outset, therefore, that Moya does not wish to apply generalizations to his area of research; nor does he want to give more credibility than is due to the â€Å"push and pull† argument, even if it is true in this case. As the author observes, the same conditions have existed over several cultures in disparate locations and periods in history, but none have led to migration on such a large scale. Consequently, it is clear that Moya’s int ention here is to identify particular rather than universal reasons for the Spanish migration to Argentina. As he declares, â€Å"one could easily compile similar lists for periods and places where no migration took place† (p. 14). Although the question of why migration took place is itself â€Å"simple,† therefore, â€Å"the answer is not† (p. 14).This, however, is not to suggest that Moya debunks the push-and-pull theory in the context of this exodus. He acknowledges that â€Å"As the trend matured, a more balanced approach began to emphasize the complex interplay between the premigration heritage and the host environment, between continuity and change† (p. 4). As he observes, the concept of adaptation of peoples to new cultures, and their subsequent assimilation into the host culture, form â€Å"the a priori position of this study† (p. 4).Although most works on cultural migration focus on the movement itself and on its possible causes, Moya choo ses to go back to an earlier time, covering the three decades prior to the migration, to analyze â€Å"the pre-arrival traits† (p. 4) of the migrant community, thus prioritizing the dynamics of interaction with their new environment that the migrants faced, and the ways in which environmental changes impacted their adaptation to their new host culture.A particularly useful feature of Moya’s text is that he also provides occasional commentary on his methods, and uses such instances to himself outline the possible drawbacks of his approaches. For example, in his chapter on migration, he discusses the validity of the macro-structural approach: â€Å"During the decades when macro- structural conditions obstructed emigration, the microsocial networks became inactive but not inert, the chain became dormant but did not die† (p. 68). In the light of this recognition, Moya bases his next section on the microsocial approach, utilizing it to complement and sometimes counte r the evidence and recommendations suggested by the macro-structural approach.The primary factor which encourages Moya to implement the microsocial approach in his quest to discover why the immigration took place is the fact that there was a socio-historical precedent for such migration: â€Å"Emigration from Matarà ³ to Buenos Aires dated back at least to the middle of the eighteenth century and was originally related to transatlantic trade† (p. 61). At this point, Moya’s microsocial approach takes the text into a hitherto-unexplored area of interpretation, as he takes the argument back full circle to Vice-Consul Carrau, and the manner in which his appointment as an official impacts our quest to discover the reasons behind the migration:Yet the real clue to understanding Mataronese immigration to Argentina lay not in the protocol and formality of that appointment but in the less formal reality it concealed†¦ [I]f one scrutinizes the consulates, odd and unconvent ional consuls appear. Indeed, the Argentine vice-consul at Matarà ³ was neither a diplomat nor an Argentine. Sr. Carrau was a Matarà ³ druggist with personal and commercial overseas relations, married to the daughter of Josep Riera Canals, an americano, or successful returnee who maintained business and family relations with Buenos Aires. (p. 63)Moya goes on to outline other such business and personal connections between Carrau’s succeeding consuls and Buenos Aires as well. He comes to the discovery that â€Å"in provinces that lacked social linkages with Buenos Aires, like Valladolid and Cà ³rdoba, the results in terms of attracting immigrants proved disappointing† (p. 64). Thus, Moya considerably expands the scope of his analysis by including such non-formal reasons for immigration as social precedents and interconnectedness between the act of immigration and intra-city links, which must have provided the incentive for their Spanish â€Å"cousins† to enter areas in Argentina which had established links with immigrant cultures.In his microsocial analysis, Moya also looks into such empirical factors conducive to immigration as the availability of roads and other transport routes that may have facilitated travel. He points out that such factors as the transportation (sometimes illegal) of such refuges in cargo and passenger ships are an important consideration in identifying why the Spanish migrants decided to go to Argentina, rather than any other neighboring location. For example, he observes that from 1840 to 1860, there were only four ship routes from Europe to the River Plate, and only five ports in Spain, out of which only one, Genoa, was the primary point of departure for emigrants (p. 64).Other ports remained inaccessible to immigrants; Moya’s research of passenger lists from the time revealed that Barcelona, for example, had no record, of any vessel carrying more than eight such passengers, barring one exception, which wa s also limited to only sixteen passengers. Also, Barcelona was not a stop on many of the routes. It was only in the 1880s, when â€Å"the use of larger and faster carriers and more frequent ocean crossings enabled steamships from the Genoa route to make stops in Barcelona† (p. 64) that Large-scale migration to Argentina began. Thus, Moya resources empirical causes for the mass migration, which gives us a realistic picture of what actually happened, rather than relying on sociological or ethnological theory to outline the reasons for why the migration took place.Among Moya’s strengths is the fact that despite his target area being a large demographic population and also covering a long historical period, he does not focus excessively on the broader, more generalized aspects of such research, but instead provides detailed information, often in the form of charts and tables (e.g., pp. 16-17) which provide the reader with a quick at-a-glance format in which to assess infor mation. Also, he does not restrict his work to national boundaries by prioritizing either Spain or Argentina as the point of focus, but rather focuses on the migrating population itself. This gives his work an objectivity that transcends issues of cultural and ethic domination.ReferencesMoya, J. C. (1998). Cousins and strangers: Spanish immigrants in Buenos Aires, 1850-1930. Berkeley: The University of California Press.

Good Man Is Hard to Find Essay

According to Shakespere, â€Å"All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players†. Some people, in their daily lives, do more intentional acting, or decieveing, than others. The terms â€Å"Friday Muslim† or â€Å"Sunday Christian† have been coined to describe people who appear to be devout to their religion when they attend their weekly religious gathering, but otherwise do not display any moral connections to it. These people put more importance on appearing as a good and richous person rather than actually thinkning, speaking, and acting according to the religious documents they claim to follow. Living this sort of life proved to be fatal for the Grandmother in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man Is Hard to Find. The Grandmother’s religious hypocracy caused her to corrupt the thoughts of her grandchildren, manipulate events onto a negative path, and ultimately cause the death of her and her family. Studies done by the National Child Study indicate that children’s views are larely shaped by â€Å"caregiver/child interactions throught childhood†(â€Å"Measuring†). John Wesley and June Star’s mother and father seem to be very passive and quiet with thier views. In comparison, the Grandmother is outspoken, opinionated, and presents herself as a religiously knowledgable, and there for trustworthy, person. The children seem to have picked up on her racist views as their normally argumentitive resopnses are absent when she makes condesending comments about an ovbiously poor â€Å"Negro child standing in the door of a shack†(O’connor) they pass on their trip. The impression of the grandmother’s views into the children is also aparent when, rather than being appalled at her racist story about a suitor bringing her watermelon, â€Å"this story tickled John Wesley’s funny bone and he giggled and giggled†(O’connor). Also, June Star shows signs of the same materialistic shelfishness of the Grandmother when she states that she â€Å"wouldn’t marry a man that just brought her a watermelon on Saturday†(O’connor). The grandmother replies that she wishes she would have married him because he â€Å"had died only a few years ago, a very wealthy man† (O’connor), as if wealth is the most important factor in deciding whom to marry. Nearly everytime the chirdren speak their comments reak of the condescending, corrupt influence of their grandmother. Had the Grandmother put more emphasis on actually practicing Christian values than just appearing to be a godly person she would not have had the relaxed attitutte towards lying which led her to her death. Fearing her cat ,Pitty Sing , â€Å"might brush against one of her gas burners and accidentally asphyxiate himself†(O’connor), she sneaks the cat into the car. She knows that her son Bailey has good reason for not wanting the cat to accompany them on the trip and would not allow it, but this does not stop her. The Grandmother later tells a story to the children about a plantation she used to visit when she was younger. She believes he house to be a little way down a dirt road they passed on the highway. She begins to have a burning, almost childish, desire to revisit this landmark and so lies to the children. Knowing it will manipulate the children into helping her persuade their parents to visit the house, she tells them â€Å"there was a secret:-panel in this house†(O’connor) which â€Å"all the family silver was hidden in†(O’connor). As expected, the children begin whining untill their father, Bailey, agrees to make a â€Å"one and only time†(O’connor) exception to the trip itenerary and visit the plantation. The Grandmother’s deception leads to Bailey wrecking the car. The cat becomes statled leaps onto his neck, causing him to jerk the wheel in firght and lead the car into a ditch. Due to the Grandmother’s lack of morals, the family is left helpless and injured on the side of a near abandoned road. As exzibited in devout priests, nuns, and missionaries, selflessness is highly valued in Christianity. The Grandmother would like for people to think of her as a selfless christian role model, but her actions prove her to be quite the opposite. Before the family sets out on the trip she attempts to manupulate them into going to Tennessee instead of Florida. She actually wants to go visit some old friends in her former home state, but she attempts to scare the family into changing their destionation. Had she not been so selfish, she would not have so clearly noted and remembered that â€Å"The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida†(O’connor), and therefor would not have clearly recognized him when he stops to help the family later in the story. The Misfit made the decision to kill the family in order to cover his tracks only after the grandmother verbalized that she identified him. Her selfish attitude kept her from realizing that it was likely not in her families best interest to blurt out this realizatioin. It clearly shows that even in the most dire of situatioins no one else’s well being was even close to the forfront of her toughts. The Gandmother’s pattern of selfishness is not cohearent with her claimed Christian ties, and unwittingly led her and her family to be massacred. The politition who claims everyone should be â€Å"green† in order to save the planet but continues to travel in a private jet, The religious leader who preaches meantal purity and is found to have a drug habit, or even the parent who tells their child â€Å"do as I say, not as I do†; hypocracy in all forms has its victims. O’Connor was known to be a devout Roman Cathloic and likely resented people who, like the Grandmother in this story, were good at pretending to be religious but had no actual commitment. Unfortuantly for the Grandmother her first selfless act came to late.

Case Study of Personality Theories Essay Example for Free

Case Study of Personality Theories Essay Abdul Hnnan a 12 year old boy, who has been presented with language, academic and behavior difficulties. Hnnan had a traumatic delivery and suffered from hypoxia. Hnnan’s early motor and language milestones were grossly delayed. He sat and crawled at 2.6 years of age and walked after 3 years. His language was delayed and he spoke his first words at 4.6 years to 5 years and in sentences after 5 years. His speech was unclear and could be understood by his parents at age 6 years. However, even now outsiders understood 75% of what he said. His gross motor skills and fine motor skills were poor. He started climbing stairs at 4 to 5 years and started pedaling at 5 years. He still could not pedal a bicycle, tie his shoelaces and button his shirt. Hnnan was a placid baby who did not respond, had no eye contact and had a squint. He slept for long hours and had to be force-fed. He was hyperactive, destructive and aggressive after 3 years. He banged his head. He disliked visitors and could get very distressed. He hated any object in the house being displaced and insisted on having everything in order. He was very difficult to manage. He liked to spin around and jump. At the age of 4 to 5 years, he started noticing other children and started taking interest in them. He became less hyperactive, less aggressive and was more amenable to instructions. However, presently he was still restless and jumped a lot. He could still spin around for hours. He liked being on his own but also could be talkative, over friendly and odd. He repeatedly asked the same questions and was naive. For example, during the interview he repeatedly asked â€Å"Can a cow hurt or not? What if I play with it, will it hurt me or not?† He had writing problems because of his hand tremors. He was always restless and distractible and could not sit for more than a few minutes. His memory was very good but his understanding was weak. His mother has to sit with him for hours to teach him language and concepts. He has difficulty with understanding complex or abstract concepts. He did not have problems in social interaction but had difficulties in social communication and imaginative and flexible thinking. Difficulties with self control is presenting as restlessness, inability to follow adult agenda and paying attention to other people, to what they might be saying, thinking or feeling. Abdul Hnnan was born in Lahore, Pakistan by Pakistani parents. He was the first child in the family. His mother, Wajiha, had a positive family history. One of her cousins was mentally retarded. Hnnan was born at term. His mother had high blood pressure. The labour was prolonged, 11 hours and a caesarean was suggested but refused. He was born limp and blue. He had hypoxia. He was in NICU for 5 days. His birth weight was 2.54 kilos. He cried well after 15 days of life. Hnnan’s early motor and language milestones were grossly delayed. He started noticing children at 4 or 5 years and started taking interest in them. Hnnan’s younger sister, Amen, 3 years of age was very sociable and talkative. Hnnan’s father was more patient and his mother more irritable. Hnnan was very difficult till age 6 years and was aggressive, non-compliant and unreasonably demanding. As he grew older he became more co-operative and could be rationalized with. Whenever his mother asked him to do something he ignored 5 to 6 times. After that he started to argue. His mother used reprimands, bribes, threats and force to make him do things. Hnnan did not go to school. The family moved to Saudi Arabia when he was 7 years old. His parents took him to a Neuro-Developmental Pediatrician when he was 9 years old. His mother reported that he did not like to play with toys. All he did was jump on a bed or spin around. He was very restless and distracted and had a short attention span. He could be very stubborn and insisted on doing things his way. He was generally cheerful and friendly. He repeatedly asked the same questions and insisted that his parents answer them in the same way or he answered them himself. He watched the same cartoons repeatedly. He constantly jumped or spun around. He used to grab things from strangers. He ignored a child crying till age 5 years but after that he gradually became more empathetic. Hnnan avoided staying in crowds as he knew that he was different from others and that’s why people were laughing at him. After that his condition got better. Following difficulties may become apparent in early childhood: Problems performing subtle movements, such as tying shoelaces, doing up buttons and zip, using cutlery, handwriting. Many will have difficulties getting dressed. They have problems carrying out playground movements, such as jumping, playing hopscotch, catching a ball, kicking a ball, hopping and skipping. They have a higher tendency to bump into things, to fall over and to drop things. Some find it hard to go up and down stairs. Some have problems with using scissors, coloring, drawing, playing jigsaw games. Case Study of Personality Theories. (2016, Dec 07). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

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Evaluate the contributions of Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois to the Harlem Renaissance - Essay Example Following his call for racial pride, a movement called the United Negro Improvement Association was formed, turning most Blacks into adopting the socialist and communist social practices (Gifford 2). The movement preceded a united front of African Americans from all social and economic points unwilling to settle for further oppressions. This rebellion received unprecedented publishing job opportunities among the African Americans. Activists like W. E. B. Du Bois used this opportunities to influence and motivate the people into racial consciousness and pride. Harlem Renaissance’s artistic output had two ideologies; one presented by Du Bois and others who saw artistic art as a platform where talented African Americans could lead in the fight for equality (Gifford 4). Du Bois contributed heavily towards the organization of the Niagara Movement, an assembly of black leaders opposed to the Washingtons leadership and was committed to fighting for civil equality for African Americans. This movement, however, never achieved a firm institutional foundation except for that it signaled a new black assertiveness and contributing directly to the establishment of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Du Bois moved to New York City where he took office as the director of publicity for NAACP his role being to edit its monthly journal, ‘The Crisis’ (Gifford 3). Organized economic and political movements helped the Harlem Renaissance by creating a new sense of power (Gifford 4). In his work The New Negro, Du Bois exudes a sense of social pride that was the theme in the Harlem Renaissance. Du Bois emphasizes the need for a united race in conquering discrimination. Using his artistic wits and social privileges, Du Bois provided a liberating step in the search for Africa American cultural identity and on their terms. Using Negro Art, he argued that

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Article Review on Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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LEGALIZATION OF MARIHUANA IN USA Research Proposal

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Irritable Bowel syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Irritable Bowel syndrome - Essay Example This essay discusses that many women with anemia experience cases of acute fatigue, especially caused by menstrual blood loss. Anemia is mainly caused by iron deficiency though Maria eats regular diet. Being overweight can also be a source of fatigue, and may cause sleep disorders. The remedy would be to lose weight, quit certain lifestyles like smoking, drinking, and sleeping with CPAP device that keeps the air passages open. Taking the right diet is another remedy to help level blood sugar in optimal ranges. The diet should include foods such as eggs, and taking snacks throughout the day. Anemia causes iron deficiency during menstrual blood loss in women, since more red blood cells are needed to carry enough oxygen to the tissues and organs. Hypothyroidism is a thyroid, which is a small gland in the lower neck that controls metabolism. One will feel sluggish and may add weight if the gland is under active, and the metabolism functions is too slow. This occurs when the speed of conv erting fuels into energy is too slow. Certain foods such as too much caffeine may add more fatigue in consumed in large quantities, even though it improves alertness and concentration if taken in moderate quantities. Chronic fatigue that lasts up to six months may present symptoms like multi joint pains, headache, and muscle pain, and can be defined as chronic fatigue syndrome. The diagnosis may need a lot of time in clearly identifying the problem if the symptom is really fatigue, and other causes of fatigue should be investigated. Cushing’s disease, other infections like malaria, HIV infection, and influenza are numerous sources of fatigue. Heart diseases such as congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumonia, and arrhythmias are also associated with fatigue. Their existence also needs to be explored. History of drug abuse, alcohol abuse, grief, bereavement, and bulimia are psychiatric conditions that may present f atigue. Even the medication history should not be left behind when investigating the causes of fatigue. Especially anti depressants, sedatives, medication and strong drug withdrawal, steroids, and blood pressure medications. Associated symptoms include vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, blood in urine and stool, constipation, fever, muscle cramps and aches. Depression Depression can also be a cause of severe fatigue, as well as other physical symptoms. Other causes of depression should be examined such as headaches, loss of appetite, and other causes of emotional disorder. Depression is a very complex condition to diagnose since it is attributed to many causes. The factors that might increase depression are abuse, either physical, sexual, or emotional abuse that might make depression manifest itself in later stages of life. Certain medications are known to enhance depression, especially drugs for treating high blood pressure, beta blockers, and reserpine. Personal conflicts are a sure sour ce of depression, or disputes among family members. Grief or loss of a loved one, like Maria’s son was involved in an accident raises the level of sadness, thus increasing the levels of depression. Depression is also a hereditary

Global strategy MBA market in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global strategy MBA market in UK - Essay Example This report is a business plan for setting up the proposed business school, International Business School. The main purpose of the business plan is to put forward the business idea in a detailed manner in order to communicate the business opportunity to the potential investors.There is a great demand for highly qualified management students in today’s competitive corporate world. Even though there are numerous management schools around the globe only very few of them are capable of producing job ready candidates. A business plan is a written statement that describes and analyses the business concept and explains in detail the future projections (McKeever, 2008). Recipients The recipients of the business plan are the potential investors of the company who can be national and private banks, venture capitals, private organizations or businesses willing to invest, companies who will benefit from the talent pool (Management students) and other prospective investors (shareholders mo del). International Business School Overview There is a great demand for highly qualified management students in today’s competitive corporate world. Even though there are numerous management schools around the globe only very few of them are capable of producing job ready candidates. That is, there is a vacuum in required skills of the graduating candidates and that required by the industry. Companies indulge in various training and orientation programs after hiring the candidates to fill in this vacuum. This is highly visible in third world countries and emerging markets. It is to fulfill this need for highly qualified, industry ready management students that the International Business School (IBS) is proposed. IBS will be initially set up at Charing Cross in central London, UK. The school will then expand to two other countries, Nigeria and Thailand. To start with all the major operations of the school will completely be in UK, and only study centers and admission offices will be opened in Nigeria and Thailand. Masters in Business Management is the primary product IBS. IBS will impart not just theoretical knowledge to its students but will primarily aim at giving them practical experience and exposure to real world scenarios. Unlike many management schools, the main purpose here is not to produce students with high marks and certificates. IBS will be established with the view that marks and certificates can get students well paid jobs but it is the innovativeness, creativeness, ability to think out of the box and make crucial decisions that will help them to keep and grow in the careers. IBS will try to impart the above mentioned characteristics and attitudes into its students. It will not just give them any opportunity to succeed but will teach them to create their own opportunities. The main purpose of education at IBS is not just to prepare students for a challenging job but to prepare them to face the challenges of life. In doing so, the school w ill succeed in both, filling in the vacuum between the graduating candidates and job ready employees, and produce highly qualified and competent individuals who can make a positive contribution to the society. Vision Statement To impart in its students theoretical and practical knowledge along with skills and attributes that will help them to succeed in both their professional and personal. As a result of the above, IBS will present the world with highly talented and responsible individuals who will make a positive contribution to the society as a whole. Market Analysis Market analysis is an essential part of a business plan. Market analysis

I Have a Dream Speech Essay Example for Free

I Have a Dream Speech Essay Everyone dreamt as a child. We dreamt to become astronauts, cowboys, and princesses, but as we got older, we realized those dreams were childish. We began to mature and set our dreams to plan more for our future. Our dreams evolved into becoming successful in the business world, to go to college and succeed, to have a relationship with a spouse, dreams we were able to achieve. I have a dream to stay strong in my relationship with God, and continuing to grow in my faith as a woman of God in His image. By following and chasing after this dream, I do believe that it will keep me on the right path toward success and even through tough times, He will always be there as my safety net. In my life there are several people whom I cherish and am blessed to have. I look up to every single one of them as a mentor and someone to model myself after. One of these people is my camp counselor Brittany. Through camp this summer, I was always comfortable talking to her about anything, and I knew she would be there to listen. Throughout our bible studies and worship time we got to spend together, she spilled her knowledge of God and her story of faith into me and the rest of our cabin. She helped us all realize that we are not alone in anything we do and we are created beautifully in His image. Another person I view as one of my mentors is my 10:24 (bible study) leader from last year Jennifer. We had four girls in our group and we all grew extremely close through the time which we were able to spend together as sisters in Christ. Like Brittany, she was and is always there for me to talk to during good times and bad, and someone who I will always have to rely on in times of struggle. My last person whom I view as a mentor to help me accomplish my goal is my close friend Alex. After knowing each other for more than eight years, we are extremely close and I have no idea what I would do without her. She is a one in a million type of person who I am thankfully blessed to have in my life. She is always there for advice and someone who I can look to model myself after. Her personality and character shine through everything she does and she has always had a positive influence on me. All three of these people will help me accomplish my dream by giving me another person to talk to, and a source of comfort as I go through life. Achieving my dream will impact my future by giving me the opportunity to live my life knowing that God has a plan for me. I will be able to live my life glorifying Him and learning from experiences. Through this dream I can have the opportunity to spill my story and experiences into the life of another person and show them that they are not alone and don’t have to worry about their future because He has it all figured out. Achieving this goal will be able to make me a happier and more successful person in the fact that I will be able to live a good life the way that God has planned for me. In conclusion, this dream makes my life more complete by giving me the knowledge and satisfaction that I am not alone in anything I do. Not only do I have God as a source, but he has blessed me with people and resources in which I can surround myself with. â€Å"Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understandings; In all your ways acknowledge him and he will make your paths straight.†

The French Revolution Essay Example for Free

The French Revolution Essay The events leading to the French Revolution are quite obvious. 30 million people living in France, most living in small, rural villages while less than a million people lived in Paris. The population was growing rapidly but the economy was not. The previous king had spent too much money fighting wars and the national debt was staggering. There was an obvious rift between classes; peasants were starving while the noble class continued to live opulent lifestyles. At the beginning of the Revolution, after the storming of the Bastille, the French monarch attempted to clean up their finances and a representative government was created, complete with a Declaration of Rights. This phase was led by the Third Estate of the Estates General. A legislative assembly was formed, and war was declared on Austria and Prussia. It was at the end of this phase in 1792 when King Louis XVI was forced to flee the throne. The second phase of the Revolution is known as the National Convention. After the death of the king in the beginning of 1793,the economy did not improve. This led to riots and counter-revolutionary activities which led toâ€Å"The Reign of Terror â€Å", run by Maximilen Robespierre. A committee for public safety was created, which arrested people for committing crimes, sometimes as small as stealing food, and sent them to the guillotine. Almost 17,000 people were be-headed during this time. In 1795, after the execution of Robespierre, a new constitution was created along with a new legislature. The French were tired of fighting and suffering, so despite distrusting the new legislature, called the Directory, most were willing to accept these changes. The Revolution ended in 1799, thanks to the military direction of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military leader who eventually became the Emperor of France. He spent the first years of the Revolution fighting on the French island of Corsica. When he came to mainland France, he continued to fight for the Republicans. His military career, along with his popularity, had many ups and downs. He led military campaigns in Italy, Egypt and other countries and often had differences with higher ranking military officials. Napoleon became Emperor of France in 1804, five years after the revolution ended, essentially reinstating a type French monarchy. Over the course of ten years, he led more battles across Europe, divorced and re-married, and had the Pope imprisoned when he attempted to ex-communicate Bonaparte. Napoleon abdicated the throne in 1814 to his son, and was sent into exile, which he later escaped and was finally defeated at Waterloo in 1815. He died in 1821 under British surveillance.

Managerial Accounting And Shareholders Accounting Essay

Managerial Accounting And Shareholders Accounting Essay 1. What obligations did the financial managers have to their shareholders to do whatever is possible to avoid major financial losses associated with these products? According to Ask (2002), all major business institutions nowadays are being forced to continuously upgrade their financial status, technologies, innovate their products and services that they offer as well as extend their customer reach to avoid major financial losses associated with problems about their products particularly in developing countries, and utilize resources through financial strategies. Apparently, the main effect of the situation to the company is that it is forcing all types of costing systems, from small to large scale causes, to amend their current financial strategies and processes, and to restructure their production and processes. Financial manager of Dalkon Shield must set some necessary changes to effectively and efficiently respond to the continuously evolving needs of the company. Financial managers make sure that shareholders get their investments fully. It is also their role to make sure that shareholders are receiving their entitled maximum returns for their investment. To avoid major financial losses associated with these products, financial managers are facing with the task of engaging in different activities that brings value to the shareholders and the company. Financial managers can implement different strategic plans to inform providers and top management for the development of strategies and implementations of plans. Narrowing the companys strategic partners through engagement in narrowly defined financial areas is also helpful for the financial mangers (Chua, 2006). As implementers of strategies, the role of financial managers also consists of shareholder value maximization. Financial managers can increase and create value from the financing, budgeting, and networking activities such as buying assets which create more cash than they cost or they can sell stocks and bonds and other instruments financially which all generate more finances than their costs. When the financial manager will try to a healthy balance between the shareholder and the company needs, they also need to follow ethical standards by ensuring that all statements and their financial transaction are true and correct (Chua, 2006). In this situation, the company has experienced on maximizing their business by smoothly ensuring that all services are working and provide the expertise for the generation of financial System. This is an important in the field of financial management for the company and financial managers should developed basic information and concepts regarding the employed effective strategies to avoid major financial losses associated with these products. The objective of these actions is to identify and present the most important features of product and planning to sell products in a well established amount. These include product analysis, competitor analysis and marketing operations that focus on channel distribution, costing objectives, market analysis, customer satisfaction and a great tool in order to cope with the challenges of product placement. Consumer and environmental analysis are important area made by a continuous effort to make connections and form relationships with finances, custom ers, and finance and distribution channels designed financing strategies. Business network of the company can help the financial managers to contribute to effective supply management that support and investigate the influence of the situation on financial management processes (Ask, 2002). In a perspective of this company, strategies used by the financial manager must suggest that the financial losses be prepared to respond appropriately to random costing agreement with the shareholders. If long-run performance is not greatly impacted by shareholders and if it is caused by random impacts, then firms must monitor these shocks and transform them into opportunities. Importantly, these impacts cannot be readily predicted. Thus the firms must have an agile mechanism scan in conjunction with a flexible marketing organization. Before any of these implications are strongly adopted much more marketing strategy refinement is necessary. The financial strategies employed by financial managers are effective tools that may be used by the marketing manager to aid in more effective planning and strategy development of product and business. This is an important factor that provides framework for more specific mix strategies and tactics in the products or services, distribution, promoti on, and pricing areas (Van Horne Wachowicz, 2005). Another factor to consider is the strategy which is effective tools that may be used by the firm to aid in more effective strategy and planning development. This is an important factor that provides framework for more specific financial mix tactics and strategies. Throughout the years many international business organizations has invested in propagating their marketing strategies as well as the flow of investments. The financial manger must have been investing on effective services and production to aid in its goal. Strategic financing process also affects the decision making as it affects the capital opportunities and company capabilities in developing a total return of investments to their shareholders (Van Horne Wachowicz, 2005). 2. Was the dumping in this case ethical? Those involved in the dumping might have argued that the people receiving the pajamas would not have otherwise had access to such clothing and were notified of the health and safety hazards. Does this affect your feelings about the case? What do you think about the exportation of the Dalkon Shield? Can it be justified because the rate of dying during childbirth in Third World countries is extremely high, and, as such, any effective birth control device is better than none? International laws presented that a firm is dumping if its foreign price is either below its marginal cost or below domestic price. In this case, ethical consideration must be consider by the company since the firm often claim that a low-cost is engaged in a long term strategies in harming domestic consumers and destroying the domestic industry (Viner, 1991). It was also a most unethical way and a clear indication of how money always eclipses the significant issue in this case. Whatever causes that these children would have access to fire-retardant pajamas, they would also not have had opportunity to have kidney cancer had they not been exposed unduly to the chemical toxic for their health. The same is true Dalkon Shield of exportation; many serious and worst physiological problems associated with utilizing this product do not have advantages or benefits. A complete fundamental tenets breakdown in social responsibility will aid such blatantly unethical global practices (Ramadan, 2007). In exportation of the Dalkon Shield, planning strategies in the context social responsibility and safety hazard is important. Exportation management fails because of factors including the current environment, feasible methods and the security system. The planning and resources must be value information. In some areas, failure of information dissemination happens automatically especially when there is a problem with the product itself or the safety and the integration of this information to a certain period. Another dimension of challenge in this kind of market environment is the complex and evolving regulations which this institution conducts business. In contrast, there are handfuls of effective strategies for the exportation of the Dalkon Shield that may help the firm implement strategy from a global perspective. Foremost, the planning must concern with the Dalkon Shield organizational governance, with decisions making capacities, and the processes for making sure that the export d ecisions made are implemented properly. There are several factors for export trends including the market mass liberalization, technological impact, and the ever changing distribution and communication and method worldwide. The safeties in the markets are increasingly becoming more important to public, multinational companies, and this phenomenon directed to philosophy and organizational shift of the export, research and marketing companies. The advantage of this approach to research buying include better coordination and control of the research in many economies, research findings comparability, and better view and understanding of transnational basis in terms of the functions (Viner, 1991). The rate of dying during childbirth in Third World countries is extremely high, and the draw back of focusing too much on material success is the tendency to neglect ethical issues and may tolerate corruption. These firms must be committed in strengthening public confidence and understanding in clinical research and biotechnological expertise in all aspects of the clinical research. Regulations on effective birth control device are better than none because all information and activities of related to this issue must be regulated through information submitted to authority. Moreover, industry related to biotech, pharmaceutical and medical device companies, as well as their regulations and legislations which involves academic organizations, peer associations, patient groups, and the public must assures the safety and ethical considerations in clinical trials through collaboration and working with the public and their stakeholders globally to explore different possibilities and paradigms for contraceptive research and development. The product of the company must promote efficient and better clinical trial process especially in developing new drugs biotechnology while demonstrating the strategic values of clinical outsourcing and reiterating the importance of public contributions as partners in the new treatments and new birth control contribution (Atkinso, 2004). In this case, different laws enforces by the government and other related agencies includes reports which identifies the approved drug products approved on the basis of effectiveness and safety of their products under the Drug, Federal Food, and Cosmetic Act. In terms of controlling contraceptives and other related products, the company requires any manufacturer to dispense by prescription only with exemptions in emergency cases and is closely regulated by other sub laws. These drugs must have a warning on the label when given out to the client. The manufacturer must comply with approved good manufacturing practices set by the agency. It must also have a uses section that presents the uses of the drug under appropriate testing so the client or patient is aware of the definite usage or application. The firm must enforces its regulations through various methods such as investigations, punishments, licenses to improve these processes; and must closely monitor the companys processes in r esponse to testing of the product for safety and efficiency and to adequately label the product to avoid violations of the law (Fishbein, 2005). Q4. Compare and contrast job order and process costing. Support your answer with examples relevant academic references. The job order costing system is used for the estimation of production cost for various jobs included in specific orders of the customer. Within the organizations treating every single job as a single unit output, or when production of different products within a specific time, this costing system type is most important. In this regard, it appears that firms in developing countries need to pay some attention to new techniques, so they can help their society and their country to be able to compete in the international market by conducting studies on these new techniques, and show its advantages and disadvantages. The company should also employ job order and process costing strategy for product development on fact finding, analysis, generation of technical and management plan goals (Atkinso, 2004). Labor hours, materials, and machine hours will be different from a specific product to another and one order of the customer to the next, and may be different further in the demand that is placed inherently on overhead manufacturing. One example of a specific job or customer order is customized production that might need greater resources for support than general activity of production. If a firm specializes for the manufacturings were to produce a specific product patented and designed by another firm, it may need some re-engineering process; materials utilized not used in overall production, or another factor for change such as a different description or product logo. In this case, management would need to be sure that the specific customer order equates all relative costs; otherwise information for product cost will not be correct. In the circumstances where the company is producing different product type within a specific period of time, job order costing system employment would also be applicable as management would require in recognizing the overall actual costs for each product. Service companies may not get benefit as much from job order and process costing as compared to other industries because their costing can be hard to assign as they may not have a visible relationship of cause and effect (Kaplan, 2007). Nowadays, traditional cost systems became unpopular among companies, since these cost systems were designed long time ago for different circumstances. For example, companies used to produce a small number of products and indirect cost (overhead) was quite small, compared to the total cost at that time overhead did not cause any problems to the managers. On the other hand, in the 1980s many companies started produce different variety of products and indirect cost started to play an important role. Therefore, the traditional cost systems are no longer desirable by managers. Managers started to think to change these systems after realizing that these systems are not reliable for managerial purposes anymore. Recently, many companies are facing a real competition in the world market, due the fact that some companies produce high quality products at low costs. For that reason managers attempts to adopt a cost system which can give them accurate information and the exact cost for each produ ct, so managers can take right decisions at the right time (Laughlin, 1995).

Chesapeake Bay Labors in Colonial America :: essays research papers

Looking at the early English colonies in the Chesapeake Bay region, it’s clear that the English had not learned any lessons from their experiences at Roanoke. Poor planning, a bad location, unrealistic expectations, flawed leadership, unsuccessful relations with the local Indians, and no hope of finding the mineral wealth the Spanish found in Mexico, all contributed to failure. The first colonists in the Chesapeake region were not only ignorant, lazy and unambitious, but their attempts were hampered before they had begun. However, a solution to these problems was found in a single plant: tobacco. Nevertheless, this cash crop ultimately created numerous problems for the colonists. The ignorance and indolent acts of the Chesapeake colonists to unsuccessfully restore the colony by themselves led to the demise of the colony as a whole especially regarding the planting of agricultural goods for food. With an eye toward finding precious metals, the Virginia Company, a joint stock company sent jewelers, goldsmiths, aristocrats, and the like, but not a single farmer. As the company had expected, the settlers spent their time searching for gold, and hoped to obtain all of their food by trading with the nearby Powhatan tribes. This made their settlement neither profitable nor socially stable, since individual colonists felt little attachment to their community but instead sought individual wealth. A lack of social bonds in the community was further exacerbated by the fact that all the initial colonists, and most of the later arrivals, were male. Without wives or children to protect, the colonists had little incentive to protect their settlement or work towards its long-term growth. The noblemen who made the journey to the Americas often came with their respective titles, but no wealth, because of the British custom of primogeniture. These second born sons intended to create their wealth through exploitation of the Native American population and the many indentured servants who came to work for them. However in the early colonial years, these nobles became great burdens on the society, due to their refusal and laziness to participate in the cultivation of the land. Instead of farming to produce food, these nobles came with the intention of feeding themselves by conquering nearby tribes and looting the precious stones, as the Spanish had previously done. â€Å"†¦the colonists were not growing enough to feed themselves and were still begging, bullying, and buying corn from the Indians whose land they scorched so deliberately†(Morgan 50).

Welton College in Dead Poets Society Essay -- essays research papers

Dead Poets Society positions the audience to see Welton as a rigid, oppressive and destructive place. Throughout the unravelling of Peter Weir’s Dead Poets Society, the audience are often faced with the reality that attendance at Welton College would be undesirable. The physical and mental stresses endured by students due to the harshness and unforgiving nature of the school is underlining in many instances. Strict and unyielding authoritarian figures compel pupils to live in a damaging and caustic world, and to be placed under immense levels of anxiety and tension. The cruel world in which our impressionable young characters are forced to live in results directly in the tragic death of Neil Perry. During the screenplay, Welton is repeatedly shown to be a school where pupils are entrapped. Religious followers of the â€Å"Empty Vessel Theory†, Welton’s authority confine students to the four walls of their school building, and to the four wall of their mind. This theory reinforces the feeling of imprisonment Neil felt before his suicide. The boys are educated by books, and rely heavily on note-taking and on the blackboard. Classrooms, illuminated by single bulbs and devoid of natural light, give definite impressions as to the students’ state of mind. The lack of luminosity illustrates the deficiency in vigour, vitality and vividness of the boys, and similarly defines the students’ attitude to school life in general – gloomy, mournful and depressed. Similarly, the boys’ faces are usually shrouded in darkness, emphasising the deficiency in cheerfulness, and in the ending of their free spirit and will. Imprisoned physically, mentally and sp iritually, the boys are unable to wander on the path to self-discovery, and instead are forced to ... ...boys are forever compelled to do as adults say. The lack of trust and love for the boys is telling in many scenes and the constant disregard for their opinions and views brings about the untimely death of a youngster driven to the edge. Throughout the screenplay, Weir proves that it is the horrendous surroundings of the boys which cause the death of Neil Perry. Young students, especially in their adolescent years, need to be supported and encouraged and to feel value in society. Welton’s authority confirm on many an occasion their inability to cater to such demands. They succeed only in quashing mental, physical and spiritual sustenance of their students. Parents, who sent their children to such an austere academy, should have thought twice. The scars inflicted at Welton last a lifetime – and drastically reduce the length of Neil Perry’s young life.

Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay -- Anthropology

Body Ritual Among the Nacirema What is the precise geographical location of this strange tribe, the Nacirema? The Nacirema is a North American group living in the territory between the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles. Little is known of their origin, though tradition states that they came from the east. What are the private and secret shrines of the Nacirema? In the Nacirema, the belief is that the human body is ugly and that its natural tendency is to debility and disease. Every household has one or more shrines devoted to the hope that mans body will be changed through the use of the powerful influences of ritual and ceremony. Each family has at least on such shrine; the rituals associated with it are not family ceremonies but are private and secret. The rites are normally only discussed with children, and then only during the period when they are being initiated into these mysteries. The focal point of the shrine is a box or chest which is built into the wall. Many charms and magical potions without which no native believes he could live. These preparations are secured from a variety of specialized practitioners. The most powerful of these are the medicine men, whose assistance must be rewarded with substantial gifts. Who are the Nacirema’s holy-mouth-men? In the hierarchy of magical practitioners, and below the medicine men in prestige, are specialists whose designation is b...

Isolationism: Franklin Delano Roosevelt and United States Government Essay

After the events leading up to World War I and also the aftermath of the war itself, the United States government decided to take a second look at their policy of isolationism and also their foreign policy. That second look caused plenty of controversies between the people in America who supported a return to isolationism and also those who wished to see a change in United Sates by taking a much more active role in not only European affairs, but world affairs in general. In the mid to late 1930’s, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt among other government officials and even some American citizens were very fond of taking up a policy of isolationism after World War 1. In Document 2, the president clearly states that war is just like a contagion, a virus that should be avoided indefinitely. President Roosevelt was dead set on keeping the United States out of the war by all means necessary. He wanted peace and did not agree with the idea that countries seemed to be fighting for no reason other than that they were bigger and stronger than the opposed. In Document 3, Senator Robert A. Taft was opposed to the United States entering the war in Europe because he believed that due to World War 1, democracies were destroyed and dictatorships were set up in place of them. American citizens supported a policy of isolationism because they felt war was far too costly and resulted in a very high death toll of not only American citizens but citizens worldwide . Soon after, between the spring of 1940 and the start of 1941, public opinion began to shift from the support of isolationism to an opposition of the policy. In Document 5, you can see that instead of staying out of war, American citizens began to want to aid Britain in the fight against Germany. Another event that altered public opinion was the fall of France. While many people disagreed with the shift in public opinion by saying things like Charles Lindbergh said, â€Å"If the principles of democracy mean anything at all, that is reason enough for us to stay out† as seen in Document 7. However in Document 8, you can see that there is a clear opposition to a policy of isolationism. Basically the public believed that if Hitler and the Nazi regime weren’t stopped, then they would attack the United States. The concern was that if Britain was conquered, it was open the ocean ways of the Atlantic, which in turn would cause a major threat. Regardless of the supporters of a policy of isolationism, the United States supported the war and was soon enough involved in the fight against Germany. Since then, the United States has played an extremely active role in European and other world affairs. We have become an ally to plenty and an enemy to some. And just as there had been during World War 1, there are still existing controversies on isolationism between American citizens and also between the government.

Classical Art Remakes Preserve Cultural Heritage for Future Generations Essay

I. Introduction Hook: New idea – it is well forgotten old (Geoffrey Chaucer) Thesis: I strongly belief that classical art remakes preserve cultural heritage for future generations, and the purpose of this paper is to prove it. II. Body A. Topic sentence: First, until further arguments, it is important to give the correct meaning of the word â€Å"remake. † 1. â€Å"Translation† classics art into the language of the modernity. 2. Newer version or interpretation 3. Not a parody B. Topic sentence: Second, the remake allows the younger generation to encounter with deep knowledge that has been embedded by great creators in their artworks. 1. Bottomless meaning 2. The remake is a lifebuoy 3. New life to long-forgotten artwork C. Topic sentence: Finally, main goal of remakes is not only the preservation of cultural heritage, but also are to preserve historical heritage and to immortalize the names of great and talented people. 1. A sign of ultimate fame of the original art 2. Highest prevalence 3. â€Å"Absentee† readers are always more than â€Å"confrontations. † III. Conclusion New idea – it is well forgotten old (Geoffrey Chaucer) Classical art is a moral category, which is carrying the â€Å"eternal† content. Unfortunately, the classics, such us literature, cinematography or painting, is losing its relevance under the influence of time. Only remakes of classic art-works are evidence of their immortality. Someone thinks that remake is just another way to extract money, for example, from viewers, which wanted to see their favorite movie in the new interpretation. However, I strongly belief that classical art remakes preserve cultural heritage for future generations, and the purpose of this paper is to prove it. First, until further arguments, it is important to give the correct meaning of the word â€Å"remake. † Definition of the remake is quite simple: it is â€Å"translation† classics art into the language of the modernity. In other words, the remake – it is a newer version or interpretation of previously published work. It is not a parody and does not quote a source, moreover remake fills classics with new and relevant content, but â€Å"with caution† on the sample. The author of remake does not look like parodist; he is not looking for â€Å"weak spots† of classical artwork to expose their murderous ridicule. On the contrary, remaker finely and carefully refers to the words, of which was woven the old fabric of the novel. Remeyker reflects on every character, every plot turn, stares at the familiar line, Remaker may be repeated passages of the original plot, types of characters, but he or she depicts them in a new historical, social and political conditions. Remakes chosen as the new heroes, the new women, centerfold, mental retardation, AIDS, drug users, and hackers. All of these characters for the most part – people are good, spiritually rich, suffer reflection, ready to sacrifice, etc. Second, the remake allows the younger generation to encounter with deep knowledge that has been embedded by great creators in their artworks. Classical art is full of bottomless meaning, useful for our youth, but it is very difficult to reach them through stall of misunderstanding, because of the difference between modernity and the past. I take the example of classical literature remake to verify it. If the young book reader is looking for models for answers to the vexed questions – Who I am? How to survive in the world? – it is unlikely that the classic book will not be able to help him, because it is written in inaccessible and incomprehensible to him language. The reader is looking for the book, which speaks directly, without allegory. In this cause, the modern detective story-remake about official corruption and criminal fraud will touch the reader more alive than the â€Å"Dead Souls,† written about the same thing, but on the â€Å"outdated† language. Consequently, due to a remake, the classics artwork remains indestructible. The remake is a lifebuoy, which was thrown to drowning classical art. For example, a reader would pick up the new-â€Å"Idiot,† a colorful mix of photo models, expensive cars, luxury suites, black criminals would fascinate him. The reader had read to the end of the novel, and it was not about our time, it still would be Dostoevsky’s immortal creation. Due to remake, the reader was acquainted with the great writer Dostoevsky. If it was not interesting remake, adapted for modern times, I do not think that the idea of reading Dostoevsky’s books came to the modern reader’s head, because it seemed to him too boring. Another example to proof that remakes give new life to long-forgotten artwork. There was very popular film of Vera Storozheva â€Å"Heaven. Aircraft. Girl. † This picture is a remake of the Soviet film â€Å"Once again about love. † The younger generation is unlikely to have seen the original, but the storyline and drama, as reflected in the film, which starred Renata Litvinova, many have seen. Therefore, a remake – it is â€Å"second youth† of the old classics. Perhaps remakes creating of the same classical can be every ten years. For the reason that, â€Å"terminology† is aging faster than the artwork is goes around the world, and it proves that remakes preserve the art and sneaked it through the years, but the remakers had to modify the original. Finally, main goal of remakes is not only the preservation of cultural heritage, but also are to preserve historical heritage and to immortalize the names of great and talented people. The  remake, it’s a sign of ultimate fame of the original art, its highest prevalence in the general cultural refinement of the horizon of the nation – even as a folded â€Å"label†, the most general idea of the plot. I do not think that â€Å"Anna Karenina† – Tolstoy’s novel – was reading by millions, but millions know that the heroine of this novel, committed suicide under the wheels of a train because of unrequited love. According to the article â€Å"Remakes or expansion of the classics† written by Marina Zagidullina and published in journal â€Å"UFO† in 2004, â€Å"absentee† readers are always more than â€Å"face to face. † The fame of the text is not only measured data forms libraries and sales†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The above given arguments witness in favor of my opinion that classical art remakes preserve cultural heritage for future generations. In conclusion I want to emphasise that classic is like a queen, and a remake is her true servant – even involuntarily, but he exposes his back, so she stepped through him in the future. Remake is a dialogue with classical artworks; it makes today’s mass audience to feel involved in the great history of our past.

Capital Asset Pricing Model Essay

The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is an important model in finance theory. CAPM is a theory or model use to calculate the risk and expected return rate of an investment portfolio (normally refer to stocks or shares). All stocks have 2 risks: Systematic Risk (also called Market Risk which affect every stocks) and Unsystematic Risk (also called Specific or Unique Risk that only affects individual stocks). To diversify unsystematic risk, we selected and combined different stocks, which are negatively correlated with one another into one portfolio. In this way risk are eliminated greatly. See diagram below. CAPM Equation The general formula used for Capital Asset Pricing Model is: re = rf + [ ß (rm – rf) ] where the components are as follows: re = Expected return rate of the investment portfolio rf = Risk free rate of return ß = Beta (correlation between the shares and the market) rm = Expected market return which also means: rm – rf = Market risk (systematic risk) ß (rm – rf) = Risk premium *Beta is overall risk value for investing in the stock market. The higher the beta, the more the risk. CAPM Example Assume there is two Investment portfolio (stocks) or project – A & B. With the information given below, we can use CAPM to help us decide which to invest on. risk free rate beta expected market return A 3% 2.5 10% B 3% 1.2 10% From the beta value above, we know A is a more risky portfolio. A is 2.5 times more risky than the overall market and B is 1.5 times less risky. †¢ Expected return produce by A re = rf + [ ß (rm – rf) ] re = 3 + [ 2.5 (10 – 3) ] = 20.5 % †¢ Expected return produce by B re = rf + [ ß (rm – rf) ] = 3 + [ 1.2 (10 – 3) ] = 11.4 % Using CAPM formula, we calculated A produce a 20.5% expected return rate. It is higher than the overall market expected return, which is 10%. Whereas for B, the expected return rate are only 11.2% compare to market return of 10%. Base on result, A is definitely a better but if you don’t feel conformable with A’s risk or think it might not able to produce the expected return rate, then you would probably can choose investing in B. Criticisms of CAPM Although CAPM seems to be one of the most widely used methods to determine the expected return of a investment portfolio, It still have its limitation. Many had criticized on its unrealistic assumptions. †¢ Required a well-diversified portfolio Firstly CAPM works really well with a well-diversified portfolio as it accounted for systematic risk (market risk) but as seen on the graph on page 1, systematic risk is still undiversified. Therefore unsystematic risk is ignore in CAPM calculation. †¢ Beta as it main calculation components As Beta value are computed base on past one year figures so in this case CAPM assume that the future won’t change. Also beta may not really reflect the actual performance of different stocks. This was question by professors Eugene Fama and Kenneth French where they looked at share returns on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and Nasdaq between 1963 and 1990, they found that differences in betas over that lengthy period did not explain the performance of different stocks. The linear relationship between beta and individual stock returns also breaks down over shorter periods of time. These findings seem to suggest that CAPM may be wrong. †¢ Risk free rate of return CAPM assumes there is a risk free rate where investors can borrow or lend at this rate but it is not true in the real world. †¢ Perfect capital market exists There is no transaction cost for trading in the market and profit is non-taxable. †¢ All investor are the same CAPM assume all investors have the same expectations on the risk and expected return.

Child family relationships in Praise Essay

The connection between family members is bond as strong as Titanium and flexible as elastic, in fact many different poets represent their thoughts and emotions through their poems. Here, we are bestowed with two poems that are an accolade to the parents of two poets, by Grace Nichols, and Stephen Spender, with their poems â€Å"Praise song for my mother† and â€Å"Childhood†. The two poems contain a heavily nostalgic tone throughout the poems, through the use of this I have established that the poet’s are attempting to communicate their memories through the poem’s. Spender, though he titled the Poem ‘My Parents’ has little obvious relation to the poem at face value other than the starting sentence of the first stanza † My parents kept me from children who were rough† where he almost has connotations of blaming them for separation from what they thought were ‘lesser’ citizens, he tends to refer to the childhood he lived as a young boy who was bullied on his way to and from school. However when one delves deeper into the poem and attempts to read between the lines the reader can pick up a tone of blame, a tone of resentment and a tinge of sorrow! It would seem as though Spender, through his writing, is revealing his resentment towards his parents for isolating him from his peers, sheltering him from the real world and being overprotective! Maybe even snobbish as the poem also hints at the child being of a higher ‘class’ than the â€Å"rough children†.  However in the poem Childhood the poet is not referring to his parents, but an Aunt of his own; it seems that Cornford is trying to portray the ignorance of his youth when he says in the opening line of the first stanza â€Å"I used to think that grown-up people† as â€Å"grown-up† is not a term used by one who is of middle age or in their teenage years. The poet doesn’t seem to have that close a relationship with his â€Å"great-aunt Etty† by the way he described the elderly throughout the poem prior â€Å"veins like small fat snakes† . The poem also shows how the boy matures in time, by the end of the poem the reader can recognise that the poet now fully understands the process of age with the quote † I knew that she was helplessly old. As I was helplessly young.† My Parents, once you dig deep shows both how the parenting of middle class children could often lead to bullying as they planted the insinuation that the lower class children where not respectable or real people in a sense of dignity. The poet shows this through animal imagery â€Å"ran in the street†, â€Å"feared more than tigers†, â€Å"they sprang out† and finally â€Å"Like dogs to bark at my world†. It also shows that the author deep in his heart admired these boys for their carelessness and meshing with the world around them rather than himself who avoids such things, this is shown by the quote † I longed to forgive them† (which could also relate to his parents) â€Å"but they never smiled:. Childhood is a lot more basic in it’s message, that being that the ignorance of youth often leads to their life being wasted on trivial things; what is quite surprising is how the author has used the flow of the poem to demonstrate the movement of time itself, by the time he has reached the end of the poem he had realised the facts of life, in that way he had matured from the childish ignorance that was portrayed in the initial stages of the poem. To state the obvious both poems have fewer similarities compared to other such poems, however both do relate to family and the young author or character attempting to get a grasp on the situation at hand whether it be why his parents are turning him into an apparent introvert to those at school which leads to bullying of him or the mystery of old age to a young child.

The Game of Hex - An Interim Report Dissertation

The Game of Hex - An Interim Report - Dissertation Example Project Aims/Objectives The aim of the project is to implement a Hex game using NxN board, where N depicts the number of hexes in a side. The player would be able to specify the number of hexagons on a side i.e. size of board that will be used in the game. The board would be diamond shaped. The gaming mode could also be selected i.e. the two players could be two humans, a human against the system or two systems against each other with opposite sides. The player will select a side. If white is selected, then the player himself begins, else the opponent (player or system) plays the first move. Project Requirements The requirements of this project are divided into three parts: 1. Essential requirements The development language for the project would be Java (oracle JDeveloper 11). All functionalities will be developed using JDeveloper 11. AI algorithm called MCTS algorithm shall be used to support the high level of knowledge required by the Hex game. MCTS shall be implemented on the Hex game board whereon the data structures would be transferred. The game would have playing options. These options will be implemented though MCTS. The game will be played by two human players, or one human against the system. 2. Recommended requirements A new playing mode option can be added. In this playing mode, the game would be played between two systems. Adobe flash player can be used for designing a helper application to guide computer players as to how to play the Hex game. The guide would be simple enough to assist anyone in learning the game rules and playing. 3. Optional requirement: The MCTS algorithm which is used for building this game shall be compared with another... The board is rhombus shaped consisting of an array of hexagons. The optimal suggested size for rhombuses is 14x14. However, the size could vary. After choosing a one of the two colors (e.g. black or white), each player takes turn to place a piece on any one of the unoccupied hex. The goal of the game is that a player has to connect the two opposite sides of the board with an unbroken chain of his/her colored pieces. For a player that selected white, a chain of white pieces has to run from one edge to the other. Similarly, for the player with black pieces, a connected chain of pieces has to run across the other two edges (Figure 1-a). There is no predefined path for the chain. It can freely twist and turn on its path between the two edges. The player with white pieces always makes the beginning move. The strategy of Hex is such that the winning moves may be different for every player and the game never ends in a draw. One player always wins. This is due to Brouwer fixed-point theorem for 2D squares. Computer programs where a game of two players is solved generally comprise of exploration of a hierarchy of positions on the board. This hierarchy (called game tree) is a tree with a root, where its nodes represents the valid position on the board and the edges represent the valid moves. The extensive techniques for game-tree search developed over the last 3 to 4 decades are mostly aimed at programming Chess.

South Africa Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

South Africa Tourism - Essay Example The Dutch East India Company was the pioneer European settler on Cape of Good Hope. They established permanent colony comprising of 15000 setters. The number rose to above 15000 by the end of 18th century. The other settlers or area came in 1795 and tried to make an independent republic. These were known as Boers of Afrikaners (Binns & Nel 236). In 1815, Britain was able to control the cape colony and brought 5000 settlers at the end of Napoleonic Wars. That was the era when African blacks were being released from slavery and they were moving back to Africa. This was known as â€Å"Great Trek† when Africans were settling North and East into African tribal territory. They also explored the areas of Orange Free State and Transvaal (South African Tourism 61). The year of 1867 is of great importance as gold and discovery of diamond attracted the outlanders to invade the land. Outlanders came to republics and tried to convince Prime Minister Cecil Rhodes for invasion. Rhodes execut ed a plan but failed and Rhodes was forced to resign from his office. This war was named as inevitable war, which started on 11 Oct 1899.Boers was defeated in the war which resulted in the creation of Union of South Africa. Union was composed of four provinces including former provinces as well. Cape and Natal colonies were also part of Union. Botha had the honor of becoming first Prime Minister.African National Congress came into existence in 1912 which marked the beginning of organized political activity in the country.

Visual Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Visual Literacy - Essay Example Taylor, by refusing to show any creations or structures of the indigenous people, represents them as a homeless, wandering band, whereas Howling Wolf portrays a thriving community. Question 2 John Taylor’s treaty signing portrays an entirely male cast, ignoring the many indigenous women present at the treaty signing. He probably did not make an active decision to exclude the women from this work, but instead made what he would have considered important artistic decisions. Taylor clearly believed that this treaty signing was an important event, as he chose to record it in such a detailed work. He probably also thought that, as an artist, his duty was to emphasize the important aspects of the event, while not portraying other things that would clutter his work. He, coming from a white patriarchal background probably believed on every level that indigenous women were of little worth, and thus the idea of recording them as part of an important event probably did not even cross his mind.

Evalution essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evalution - Essay Example A good painting draws the attention of people by providing them with a new sense of imagination. A good artistic work is able to evoke emotions in those who view it. The world consists of many colors, which are combined with the humans’ relationships by the artists to create a beautiful piece of art. There exist such names in the history of arts whose works prove to be a source of inspiration for all of us. One such name is Leonardo Da Vinci, an Italian painter and engineer, who lived during the time of early renaissance. Da Vinci created many masterpieces of arts throughout his life. He was mainly known for his paintings. Some of the most outstanding works by Da Vinci include The Last Supper, Vitruvian Man, Annuciation, Ginevra de Benci, and Mona Lisa. In this paper, we will describe Mona Lisa in detail, which is one of the most renowned works by Da Vinci. The portrait of Mona Lisa is an oil painting drawn on wood. Da Vinci created this portrait in the 16th century. Mona Lisa is one of the most famous paintings of all times. Mona Lisa holds all qualities of a remarkable painting. These qualities include attractiveness, meaning, skills, uniqueness, and fulfilled intent. These qualities make a painting better understood by the people. It is one of the distinguishing qualities of this portrait that everyone praises it without having much information about this portrait. If we talk about the most important criterion that is used to judge a painting, we can say that it is beauty or attractiveness of a painting that makes it attract a large number of people towards it. Beauty of a painting reflects the mind of the painter. A painter reflects the beauty of his mind on a sheet of paper, which is then admired by the public. A painter communicates his thoughts to the public in the form of a beautiful painting. Mona Lisa’s fame is evident from the fact that every year

Animated Sitcom Visual Arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Animated Sitcom Visual Arts - Essay Example It goes without saying that many a times, hiding behind the perceived intentions of creating fun, the animated sitcoms do comment on the politically sensitive issues like race, gender and age in a very thought provoking and unsettling manner. The animated sitcoms do mostly afford to challenge or disturb the social status quos, because the society mostly perceives them as being something created to be inherently funny and ridiculous. No wonder, if something is being perceived as being quintessentially funny and ridiculous, the nonconventional social comments and observations made by such a genre are more than often forgiven, because of being taken as something light and imaginary. It goes without saying that the animated sitcoms realized the complete extent of poetic license they carry over a period of time, through much trial and experimentation. If one analyzes the animated sitcoms in a historical context, one simply cannot fail observing the fact that the families found in the anim ated sitcoms have gradually graduated from being normal, to funny, to being outright subversive. The animation aspect of these sitcoms allows the artists to portray even the most socially horrifying and sensitive aspects of life in a way that appears and sounds less offensive to the viewers. Certainly, the controversy that the animated sitcoms are able to dilute and mitigate in their peculiar format is something that perhaps even the most popular of live action shows cannot get away with. However, the more serious connoisseurs of animated sitcoms do know that the comedy inherent in the animated sitcoms is definitely not mindless and flimsy. Actually it is in a way the projection of a visual social commentary which does have the capacity to give way to meaningful discussions and analysis. In fact it would be very relevant to say that in the contemporary societies there exists a space for creativity, which the society cannot allow being traversed by live action and other formats of en tertainment, unless they carry around them a reputation for being abjectly comical and humorous. It is this creative space in the contemporary society which the animated sitcoms manage to wriggle through without any risk or danger, because they qualify the requisite of being perceived as being funny and comical. It is for this very reason that the animated sitcoms are allowed to challenge the most sacrosanct of social, political and economic ideologies and views. The viewers do not even expect or even allow the live action sitcoms to do so, because they believe that the events taking place in these sitcoms are accurate depictions of the real life situations. However, when it comes to animated sitcoms, anything is possible. No wonder, most of the writers associated with animated sitcoms are well aware of this immense potential of cartoon characters. That is why they choose animation to get their ideas across. 2) It goes without saying that the concept of cartoon president is indeed b rilliant and very pragmatic to a great extent. Considering the current cultural and political state, the landscape is replete with many socio-political holy cows and taboos. The entire idea of political leadership

The Art and Craft of Rap Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Art and Craft of Rap Music - Essay Example Then, the four most infuential rap albums of all time are discussed, chosen primarily based upon their influence in redefining the genre as it existed prior to the album. Some of the largest names in the rap music business are discussed and analyzed with particular respect to their technical and artistic merits, as well as their social impact upon the world. Since its conception in the early seventies, rap music has been more than just a genre of music. It has become a street culture with elements that promote self expression and participation. Whether you call it rap or hip hop, it is the medium for urban-based creativity and expression of culture. This paper discusses the history and influence of rap, offering insight into a genre that is highly publicized on a global level but often ignored. The beginning of hip hop has often been discussed and debated among those in the music scene. On one hand, it seems to be widely accepted that the birth date of rap was 1979, when Sugar Hill Gang released Rappers Delight, but the hip hop scene more likely began to form in the Bronx in 1971. The founder of hip-hop was rapper and first break-beat deejay Kool Herc. Sugar Hill Gang seem to be used as a starting point as they hold the title for the introduction of rap music on vinyl, the youth cult for rap music had established itself many years prior to 1979. Soon after the conception of rap as an idea, Grandmaster Flash invented scratching; spinning a record back and forth creating a scratching sound. These innovations made by Kool Herc, Grand Wizard Theodore, Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa and other like- minded DJs of the era were the spearhead of an underground cultural movement that is now recognized as hip-hop. Hip hop quickly became recognized as a form of urban based creativity and expression of culture, the turntables enabled artists to be creative with musical sounds. The turntable is an instrument that gives artists control over mainstream music, by proffering a "simple tool to make their art," (Byi, 1998) constituting a sense of rebellion through scratching and distorting a track. Not only does deejaying give artists a sense of upheaval, but also liberation and freedom, the DJ, Q-Bert explained this phenomenon in an interview, "the art of scratching is like a miracle- how you grab any recorded sound and manipulate it to say whatever you wantI wanted to speak the universal language of music, so I chose the musical instrument of the future: the turntable" (Byi, 1998) In the beginning, hip-hop was mainly seen at parties where a DJ would loop samples from records and allow people to battle over these tracks; from here hip-hop culture grew. Deejays often used a microphone to engage the crowd. Over time, individuals other than the Deejay joined in, delivering a message in a catchy rhyme form. By drawing attention not only to the message itself, but also how the message was conveyed, these individuals became performers in their own right, taking a place alongside Deejays and B-Boys; the emcee was born. People were rapping on the streets, and battles could be seen in warehouses on a Saturday night where budding rappers would get on the stage and rap against each other in a knock out style competition. It was the lack of financial resources that prevented this music from being